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safety stock: 
The inventory a company holds beyond normal needs as a buffer against delays in receipt of orders or changes in customer buying patterns.

Sales Order: 
See Customer Order.

salvage material: 
Unused material that has a market value and can be sold.

Schedule Information: 
Data concerning the service provided by an enterprise.

scrap material: 
Unusable material that has no market value.

Seal Number: 
The identifier assigned to the tag used to secure or mark the locking mechanism on closed containers.

Seller: 
An enterprise that arranges for the supply transaction of goods/services with other enterprises.

separable cost: 
A cost that a company can directly assign to a particular segment of the business.

Service: 
The defined, regular pattern of calls made by a carrier in the pick up and discharge of cargo.

Service Contract: 
A contract between a shipper and an ocean carrier or conference, in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a minimum quantity of cargo over a fixed time period. The ocean carrier or conference also commits to a rate or rate schedule as well as a defined service level, such as space, transit item, port rotation, or other features.

Service Levels: 
A set standard of operating procedures and outcomes as agreed upon by one or more enterprises involved in a transaction.

Service Provider: 
An enterprise that offers and supplies goods or services.

Service Request: 
A description of a specific service provided as an interface between layers (for example: transfer data).

Service Response: 
A description of the response to a specific service request that reports the success or failure of the request.

setup costs: 
The costs a manufacturer incurs in staging the production line to produce a different item.

ship agent: 
A liner company or tramp ship operator representative who facilitates ship arrival, clearance, loading and unloading, and fee payment while at a specific port.

ship broker: 
A firm that serves as a go-between for the tramp ship owner and the chartering consignor or consignee.

Shipment: 
A shipment is a user-defined unit containing goods (single or multiple units) and requires transportation from one location to another. A shipment becomes a shipment when it leaves the consignor's location. A shipment is complete when it arrives at the consignee's destination.

Shipment Available Date: 
The date the shipment will be available for transportation.

Shipment Gross Weight Qualifier: 
A weight qualifier for the estimated gross weight of LCL and/or FCL for a booking.

Shipment Identification: 
A free-text field that serves as a shipment identifier to uniquely identify a shipment to the user. This shipment ID is supplied by the user and allows loads to be consolidated into shipments.

Shipment Point: 
A specific location from where goods will depart for movement.

Shipper: 
An enterprise that fulfills the request for goods or services.

shipper's agent: 
A firm that primarily matches up small shipments, especially single-traffic piggyback loads, to permit shippers to use twin-trailer piggyback rates.

shippers association: 
A nonprofit, cooperative consolidator and distributor of shipments that member firms own or ship; acts in much the same way as a for-profit freight forwarder.

Shipping Instructions: 
A document detailing the cargo and the requirements of its physical movement.

Shipping Point: 
See
Shipment Point.

short ton: 
2,000 pounds.

short-haul discrimination: 
Charging more for a shorter haul than for a longer haul over the same route, in the same direction, and for the same commodity.

simulation: 
A computer model that represents a real-life logistics operation with mathematical symbols and runs it for a simulated length of time to determine how proposed changes will affect the operation.

SKU: 
See
Stock Keeping Unit.

sleeper team: 
Two drivers who operate a truck equipped with a sleeper berth; while one driver sleeps in the berth to accumulate mandatory off-duty time, the other driver operates the vehicle.

slip seat operation: 
A motor carrier relay terminal operation in which a carrier substitutes one driver for another who has accumulated the maximum driving time hours.

slip sheet: 
Similar to a pallet, the slip sheet, which is made of cardboard or plastic, is used to facilitate movement of unitized loads.

slurry: 
Dry commodities that are made into a liquid form by the addition of water or other fluids to permit movement by pipeline.

Society of Logistics Engineers: 
A professional association engaged in the advancement of logistics technology and management.

software: 
A computer term that describes the system design and programming that the computer's effective use requires.

Source: 
A specific location or enterprise from where goods will be obtained.

Space and Equipment Reservation: 
A business transaction between two enterprises to arrange for services to facilitate the movement of goods via a carrier.

Space Request (Space and Equipment Request): 
A business transaction between two enterprises. An enterprise that has goods to be moved will contact an entity that provides transport services to request space and equipment for an upcoming shipment. The request serves as the first action to launch a set of negotiations between the two enterprises.

Special Customs Invoice: 
In addition to a commercial invoice, some countries require a special customs invoice designed to facilitate the clearance of goods and the assessment of customs duties in that country.

special-commodities carrier: 
A common carrier trucking company that has authority to haul a special commodity; the sixteen special commodities include household goods, petroleum products, and hazardous materials.

special-commodity warehouses: 
A warehouse that is used to store products requiring unique facilities, such as grain (elevator), liquid (tank), and tobacco (barn).

Specific Duty: 
See
Duty.

spot: 
To move a trailer or boxcar into place for loading or unloading.

spur track: 
A railroad track that connects a company's plant or warehouse with the railroad's track; the user bears the cost of the spur track and its maintenance.

staff functions: 
The planning and analysis support activities a firm provides to assist line managers with daily operations. Logistics staff functions include location analysis, system design, cost analysis, and planning.

Stage: 
The act of locating goods at a specific location to prepare for movement.

statistical process control (SPC): 
A managerial control technique that examines a process's inherent variability.

Status: 
Information concerning the state or location of a defined item.

Steamship Conference
A voluntary, collective, rate-making body representing member steamship lines.

Steamship Line: 
A company that owns and/or operates vessels in maritime trade.

STL: 
Standard Two Letter (code designation for airlines).

Stocking Keeping Unit (SKU): 
A method of identifying a product without using a full description.

stockless purchasing: 
A practice whereby the buyer negotiates a purchase price for annual requirements of MRO items and the seller holds inventory until the buyer orders individual items.

stockout: 
A situation in which the items a customer orders are currently unavailable.

stockout cost: 
The opportunity cost that companies associate with not having supply sufficient to meet demand.

stores: 
The function associated with storing and issuing frequently used items.

strategic planning: 
Looking one to five years into the future and designing a logistical system (or systems) to meet the needs of the various businesses in which a company is involved.

strategic variables: 
The variables that effect change in the environment and logistics strategy. The major strategic variables include the economy, population, energy, and government.

strategy: 
A specific action to achieve an objective.

stretch-wrap: 
An elastic, thin plastic material that effectively adheres to itself, thereby containing product on a pallet when wrapped around the items.

Stripping: 
The unloading of cargo from a container or other piece of equipment. See Devanning.

Subsidy: 
The economic benefit granted by a government to producers of goods or services often to strengthen their competitive position.

substitutability: 
A buyer's ability to substitute different sellers' products.

supplemental carrier: 
A for-hire air carrier having no time schedule or designated route; the carrier provides service under a charter or contract per plane per trip.

Supply Chain Management: 
The integration of the supplier, distributor, and customer logistics requirements into one cohesive process to include demand planning, forecasting, materials requisition, order processing, inventory allocation, order fulfillment, transportation services, receiving, invoicing, and payment.

Supply Chain(s): 
A group of physical entities such as manufacturing plants, distribution centers, conveyances, retail outlets, people and information which are linked together through processes (such as procurement or logistics) in an integrated fashion, to supply goods or services from source through consumption.

supply warehouse: 
A warehouse that stores raw materials; a company mixes goods from different suppliers at the warehouse and assembles plant orders.

surcharge: 
An add-on charge to the applicable charges; motor carriers have a fuel surcharge, and railroads can apply a surcharge to any joint rate that does not yield 110 percent of variable cost.

switch engine: 
A railroad engine that is used to move railcars short distances within a terminal and plant.

switching company
A railroad that moves railcars short distances; switching companies connect two mainline railroads to facilitate through movement of shipments.

system: 
A set of interacting elements, variable, parts, or objects that are functionally related to each other and form a coherent group.

systems concept: 
A decision-making strategy that emphasizes overall system efficiency rather than the efficiency of each part.
 

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