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tally
sheet:
A printed
form on which companies record, by making an appropriate mark, the number of
items they receive or ship. In many operations, tally sheets become a part of
the permanent inventory records.
tandem:
A truck that has two drive axles or a trailer that has two
axles.
tank
cars:
Railcars designed to haul bulk liquid or gas commodities.
tapering
rate:
A rate that increases with distance but not in direct proportion to the
distance the commodity is shipped.
tare
weight:
The weight of the vehicle when it is empty.
Tariff:
A document issued
by a carrier setting forth applicable rules, rates, and charges for the movement
of goods. The document sets up a contract of carriage between the shipper,
consignee, and carrier. In international trade applications, the term also
refers
Tariff Service:
The type
of service required, such as House to House, Pier to Pier, Pier to House, etc.
temporary
authority:
Temporary operating authority as a common carrier granted by the ICC for
up to 270 days.
Tender :
A request for space and equipment with a motor carrier.
Terminal:
A location or
facility for the handling and/or temporary storage of cargo as it is
loaded/unloaded or transferred between enterprises.
terminal
delivery allowance:
A reduced rate that a carrier offers in return for the
shipper or consignee tendering or picking up the freight at the carrier's
terminal.
Terminal Operator:
The
enterprise responsible for the operation of facilities for one or more modes of
transportation.
Terminal Pass:
A document
provided to the delivering carrier by the terminal operator to allow admission
into the operator's facility.
Terminal Receipt:
A
document used to accept materials or equipment at a terminal. This provides the
delivering carrier with proof of delivery and the terminal with a verification
of receipt.
Terms of
Sale:
The details or conditions of a transaction including
details of the payment method, timing, legal obligations, freight terms,
required documentation, insurance, responsibilities of the buyer and the seller,
and when the buyer assumes risk for the shipment.
Terms of Sale
- Cost and Freight (C&F):
The seller quotes a price
that includes the cost of transportation to a specific point. The buyer assumes
responsibility for loss/damage and purchases insurance for the shipment.
Terms of Sale - Cost, Insurance &
Freight (CIF):
The price quote the seller offers to
transportation charges.
Terms of Sale - Ex Works:
The price that the seller quotes applies only at the point of origin. The buyer
takes possession of the shipment at the point of origin and bears all the costs
and risks associated with transporting the goods to the destination.
Terms of Sale
- Free Along Side:
The seller agrees to deliver
the goods to the dock alongside the overseas vessel that will carry the
shipment. The seller pays the cost of getting the shipment to the dock. The
buyer is responsible for contracting the carrier, obtaining
Terms of Sale - Free on Board (F.O.B.)
(exchange point):
This expression will be followed by an exchange
point. The exchange point indicates the point at which the responsibility (risk)
moves from the buyer to the seller.
Terms of Sale - F.O.B.
Origin:
The seller agrees to deliver the goods to the point of
origin. The buyer assumes all responsibility and risk from the point of origin.
Terms of Sale - F.O.B.
Port:
The seller agrees to deliver the goods to the port as
indicated by the exchange point. The buyer assumes all responsibility (risk)
from the port as indicated by the exchange point.
Terms of Sale - F.O.B.
Destination:
The seller agrees to deliver the goods to the
destination point. The buyer assumes all responsibility (risk) at the
destination point.
TEU:
Twenty-foot equivalent unit, a standard size intermodal
container.
third
party:
A firm that supplies logistics services to other companies.
three-layer
framework:
A basic structure and operational activity of a company; the three layers
include operational systems, control and administrative management, and master
planning.
Through Bill
of Lading:
A single bill of lading covering both the domestic (inland) and
international carriage of an export shipment.
throughput:
A warehousing output measure that considers the volume
(weight, number of units) of items stored during a given time
period.
time
utility:
A value created in a product by having the product available at the time
desired. Transportation and warehousing create time utility.
time/service
rate:
A rail rate that is based upon transit time.
timetables:
Time schedules of departures and arrivals by origin and
destination; typically used for passenger transportation by air, bus, and
rail.
TL
(truckload):
A shipment weighing the minimum weight or more. Carriers
give a rate reduction for shipping a TL-size shipment.
TOFC:
See Trailer On Flat
Car.
TOFC
(trailer-on-flatcar):
Also known as piggyback.
ton-mile:
A freight transportation output measure that reflects the
shipment's weight and the distance the carrier hauls it; a multiplication of
tons hauled and distance traveled.
total cost
analysis:
A decision-making approach that considers total system cost minimization
and recognizes the interrelationship among system variables such as
transportation, warehousing, inventory, and customer service.
total quality
management (TQM):
A management approach in which managers constantly
communicate with organizational stakeholders to emphasize the importance of
continuous quality improvement.
Toto
authority:
A private motor carrier receiving operating authority as a common carrier
to haul freight for the public over the private carrier's
backhaul; the ICC granted this type of authority to the Toto Company in
1978.
tracing:
Determining a shipment's location during the course of a
move.
Tracking:
A carrier's
system of recording movement intervals of shipments from origins to
destinations.
Trade:
A term used to
define a geographic area or specific route served by carriers.
Trade
Lane:
The combination of the origin and destination points.
Trader:
An enterprise that
operates a for-profit business arranging for the purchase and/or sale of
goods/services.
Trading
Partner:
Any party either company or person involved in the supply chain order,
fulfillment or shipping process.
traffic
management:
The buying and controlling of transportation services for a
shipper or consignee, or both.
Trailer On Flat Car (TOFC):
Carriage of
intermodal containers when the container is still attached to the chassis, and
both chassis and container are loaded on a rail flat car.
tramp:
An international water carrier that has no fixed route or
published schedule; a shipper charters a tramp ship for a particular voyage or a
given time period.
Transfer:
Communication
from one partner to another.
transit
privilege:
A carrier service that permits the shipper to stop the shipment in
transit to perform a function that changes the commodity's physical
characteristics, but to still pay the through rate.
transit
time:
The total time that elapses between a shipment's delivery and its
pickup.
Transmittal Letter:
A
letter from the shipper to its agent that lists the particulars of a shipment,
the documents being transmitted, and instructions for the disposition of those
documents.
Transport:
See
Transportation.
Transportation (Transport or Carriage):
The movement
of goods from one place to another.
Transportation Association of America:
An association
that represents the entire U.S. transportation system--carriers, users, and the
public; now defunct.
transportation method:
A linear programming technique that determines
the least-cost means of shipping goods from plants to warehouses or from
warehouses to customers.
transportation requirements planning (TRP):
Utilizing
computer technology and information already available in MRP and DRP databases
to plan transportation needs based on field demand.
Transportation Research Board:
A division of the National Academy of Sciences which pertains to
transportation research.
Transportation
Research Forum :
A professional
association that provides a forum for the discussion of transportation ideas and
research techniques.
Transportation Services:
Services offered by the transport
provider.
Transshipment:
The
shipment of merchandise to the point of destination in another country on more
than one vessel or vehicle. The liability may pass from one carrier to the next,
or it may be covered by Through Bills of Lading issued by the first carrier.
transshipment
problem:
A variation of the linear programming transportation method that
considers consolidating shipments to one destination and reshipping from that
destination.
travel
agent:
A firm that provides passenger travel information; air, rail, and
steamship ticketing; and hotel reservations. The carrier and hotel pay the
travel agent a commission.
trunk
lines:
Oil pipelines used for the long-distance movements of crude oil, refined
oil, or other liquid products.
TSA:
Trans-Pacific
Stabilization Agreement.
Twenty-foot
Equivalent Unit (TEU):
Used to measure a vessel's capacity based on the number of
twenty-foot containers the vessel can carry.
two-bin
system:
An inventory ordering system in which the time to place an
order for an item is indicated when the first bin is empty. The second bin
contains supply sufficient to last until the company receives the order
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Logistic terms